Entomology beyond research and education: 2022 student debates.

The 2022 student debates of the Entomological Society of America (ESA) happened during the Joint Annual Meeting of the Entomological Societies of America, Canada, and British Columbia in Vancouver, BC, and addressed entomological aspects beyond research and education. The Student Debates Subcommittee of the ESA Student Affairs Committee and the participating student team members communicated for 8 months and prepared for the debates. The theme of the ESA meeting in 2022 was "Entomology as inspiration: Insects through art, science, and culture". There were 2 unbiased speakers who introduced the debate topics as well as 4 teams who debated the following 2 topics: (i) Is forensic entomology viable in criminal case investigations and court cases today? and (ii) Are insects being treated ethically in scientific research? The teams prepared for about 8 months, debated their arguments, and shared their thoughts with the audience. The teams were judged by a panel and the winners were recognized at the ESA Student Awards Session during the annual meeting.

Searching for nothing: placing zero on the temporal continuum.

Generalization allows responses acquired in one situation to be transferred to similar situations. For temporal stimuli, a discontinuity has been found between zero and non-zero durations: responses in trials with no (or 0-s) stimuli and in trials with very short stimuli differ more than what would be expected by generalization. This discontinuity may happen because 0-s durations do not belong to the same continuum as non-zero durations. Alternatively, the discontinuity may be due to generalization decrement effects: a 0-s stimulus differs from a short stimulus not only in duration, but also in its presence, thus leading to greater differences in performance. Aiming to reduce differences between trials with and without a stimulus, we used two procedures to test whether a potential reduction in generalization decrement would bring performance following zero and non-zero durations closer. In both procedures, there was a reduction in the discontinuity between 0-s and short durations, supporting the hypothesis that 0-s durations are integrated in the temporal subjective continuum.

Rituximab in the treatment of anti-MDA5 dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung disease: a case-based literature review.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) occurs with Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy (IIM) as a life-threating complication and is considered the most important prognostic determinant in this disease group. The antibody anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (anti-MDA5) is associated to rapidly progressive ILD and poor overall survival. Rituximab (RTX) is becoming a drug of choice in management of refractory IIM-ILDs and rapidly progressive ILDs, despite its low level of evidence. We report the case of a 49-year-old man with new-onset clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM) with severe respiratory symptoms and mixed radiologic pattern of non-specific interstitial and organizing pneumonia, refractory to high dose corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin and oxygen dependent. He was started on RTX 375mg/m2/week of which he completed 4 perfusions, with significant clinical improvement, and has been on maintenance to date with the rheumatology RTX standard protocol with no need for oxygen supplementation. RTX may represent a rescue therapy for patients with severe anti-MDA5-related CADM-ILD refractory to conventional immunotherapies. We identified reports of a total of 12 patients treated with RTX. Infection was the only reported adverse event (25%). Respiratory improvement (defined by symptoms, imaging or PFTs) was observed in 75% of patients, with 2 (17%) having achieved clinical remission. A total of three deaths occurred (25%), all resulting from ILD progression despite treatment. No therapeutic protocol with RTX seems to be more efficient nor associated with more adverse events than the others. Comparative studies are necessary.

Use of Artificial Neural Networks as a Predictive Tool of Dissolved Oxygen Present in Surface Water Discharged in the Coastal Lagoon of the Mar Menor (Murcia, Spain).

The Mar Menor is a Mediterranean coastal saltwater lagoon (Murcia, Spain) that represents a unique ecosystem of vital importance for the area, from both an economic and ecological point of view. During the last decades, the intense agricultural activity has caused episodes of eutrophication due to the contribution of inorganic nutrients, especially nitrates. For this reason, it is important to control the quality of the water discharged into the Mar Menor lagoon, which can be performed through the measurement of dissolved oxygen (DO). Therefore, this article aimed to predict the DO in the water discharged into this lagoon through the El Albujón watercourse, for which two theoretical models consisting of a multiple linear regression (MLR) and a back-propagation neural network (RPROP) were developed. Data of temperature, pH, nitrates, chlorides, sulphates, electrical conductivity, phosphates and DO at the mouth of this watercourse, between January 2014 and January 2021, were used. A preliminary statistical study was performed to discard the variables with the lowest influence on DO. Finally, both theoretical models were compared by means of the coefficient of determination (R2), the root mean square errors (RMSE) and the mean absolute error (MAE), concluding that the neural network made a more accurate prediction of DO.

A Rare Presentation of Multi-Organ Embolism in a Multifactorial Hypercoagulable State: Case Report.

Paradoxical embolism is an uncommon phenomenon, accounting for only 2% of all cases of systemic arterial embolism. This condition suggests the presence of a patent foramen ovale, present in 20% - 25% of the adult population. The authors report the case of a 63-year-old male patient with a history of lung adenocarcinoma and hereditary thrombophilia admitted to hospital with acute onset of dyspnea, diplopia, confusion and decreased motor strength of the right limbs. Cranial computed tomography scan showed acute ischemic injury in the left posterior cerebral artery and computed tomography pulmonary angiography revealed bilateral pulmonary thromboembolism. A transesophageal echocardiogram confirmed the presence of patent foramen ovale. The patient was treated with anticoagulant therapy with progressive clinical improvement. Due to a high risk of recurrent thromboembolic episodes, the percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale was performed and anticoagulant therapy was maintained indefinitely.

A embolização paradoxal é um fenómeno incomum, correspondendo apenas a 2% de todos os casos de embolia sistémica arterial. Esta condição sugere a presença de foramen ovale patente, presente em 20% - 25% da população adulta. Os autores relatam um caso de um homem de 63 anos, com os diagnósticos prévios de adenocarcinoma do pulmão e trombofilia hereditária, admitido no hospital com quadro agudo de dispneia, diplopia, confusão e diminuição da força dos membros à direita. A tomografia computorizada crânio-encefálica mostrou uma lesão isquémica cerebral na região da artéria cerebral posterior esquerda e a angiotomografia computorizada torácica revelou tromboembolismo pulmonar bilateral. O ecocardiograma transesofágico confirmou a presença de foramen ovale patente. O doente foi tratado com terapêutica anticoagulante com melhoria clínica progressiva. Devido ao elevado risco de recorrência de eventos tromboembólicos, o doente foi submetido a encerramento percutâneo do foramen ovale patente e a anticoagulação foi mantida por tempo indeterminado.

Application of Concretes Made with Glass Powder Binder at High Replacement Rates.

Glass is a material that can be reused, except for a small part that, due to its residual characteristics, cannot be reused and becomes a nonbiodegradable waste to accumulate in landfills. The chemical composition and pozzolanic properties of waste glass are encouraging for the use of these wastes in the cement and concrete industries and for providing technically and environmentally viable solutions. In this study, we propose the production of deactivated concretes with a high content of glass powder in the binder. The substitution percentage of glass powder for cement used in this work was between 70% and 80%. Consistency, air content, bulk density, workability, compression strength, and permeability tests were performed. Regarding compressive strength, the results obtained at 90 days for percentages of cement substitution by glass powder of 70 and 80%, respectively, were 14.2 and 8.6. The chemical analysis of leachates showed concentrations of Fe, Cu, V, Ni, and Mo, in mg L-1, of 1.57, 1.38, 0.85, 0.95, and 0.44, respectively. The results obtained, compared with the relevant legislation, have proved that the inclusion of glass powder in a high percentage of substitution and with a granulometry of 20 µm in the manufacture of deactivated concretes is feasible for exterior pavements.

A Gnotobiotic Model to Examine Plant and Microbiome Contributions to Survival under Arsenic Stress.

So far, the relative importance of the plant and its microbiome in the development of early stages of plant seedling growth under arsenic stress has not been studied. To test the role of endophytic bacteria in increasing plant success under arsenic stress, gnotobiotic seeds of J. montana were inoculated with two endophytic bacteria: Pantoea conspicua MC-K1 (PGPB and As resistant bacteria) and Arthrobacter sp. MC-D3A (non-helper and non-As resistant bacteria) and an endobacteria mixture. In holobiotic seedlings (with seed-vectored microbes intact), neither the capacity of germination nor development of roots and lateral hairs was affected at 125 µM As(V). However, in gnotobiotic seedlings, the plants are negatively impacted by absence of a microbiome and presence of arsenic, resulting in reduced growth of roots and root hairs. The inoculation of a single PGPB (P. conspicua-MCK1) shows a tendency to the recovery of the plant, both in arsenic enriched and arsenic-free media, while the inoculation with Arthrobacter sp. does not help in the recovery of the plants. Inoculation with a bacterial mixture allows recovery of plants in arsenic free media; however, plants did not recover under arsenic stress, probably because of a bacterial interaction in the mixture.

Controlled Synthesis and Microstructural Properties of Sol-Gel TiO2 Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic Cement Composites.

Titania nanoparticles are intensely studied for photodegradation applications. Control of nanoscale morphology and microstructural properties of these materials is critical for photocatalytic performance. Uniform anatase-type TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by the sol-gel process using titanium isopropoxide as precursor. Controlled annealing up to 400 ℃ established crystallization and particle size ranging between 20 and 30 nm. Detailed thermal examination reveals that anatase phase transformation into rutile is affected by the annealing temperature and by the initial particle size. The anatase to rutile phase transformation occurs in the nanoparticles at 550 ℃. The Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF) study of the anatase nanoparticles shows a shift towards higher energy in the Ka Ti line of 10 eV, related to structural defects. These features were discussed in the photocatalytic behavior of several cement-based materials modified with the so-prepared anatase nanoparticles. The photocatalytic activity of the anatase-type TiO2/cement mortar system is evaluated from the degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) under UV irradiation, monitored through the absorbance at 665 nm. The results show that the photocatalytic composites exhibit up to 76.6% degradation efficiency. Mechanical testing of the nano-TiO2 modified cementitious composites evinces a moderate reinforcement of the strength properties at long ages.

Rapid metal extractability tests from polluted mining soils by ultrasound probe sonication and microwave-assisted extraction systems.

Ultrasonic probe sonication (UPS) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) were used for rapid single extraction of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn from soils polluted by former mining activities (Mónica Mine, Bustarviejo, NW Madrid, Spain), using 0.01 mol L-1 calcium chloride (CaCl2), 0.43 mol L-1 acetic acid (CH3COOH), and 0.05 mol L-1 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) at pH 7 as extracting agents. The optimum extraction conditions by UPS consisted of an extraction time of 2 min for both CaCl2 and EDTA extractions and 15 min for CH3COOH extraction, at 30% ultrasound (US) amplitude, whereas in the case of MAE, they consisted of 5 min at 50 °C for both CaCl2 and EDTA extractions and 15 min at 120 °C for CH3COOH extraction. Extractable concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The proposed methods were compared with a reduced version of the corresponding single extraction procedures proposed by the Standards, Measurements and Testing Programme (SM&T). The results obtained showed a great variability on extraction percentages, depending on the metal, the total concentration level and the soil sample, reaching high values in some areas. However, the correlation analysis showed that total concentration is the most relevant factor for element extractability in these soil samples. From the results obtained, the application of the accelerated extraction procedures, such as MAE and UPS, could be considered a useful approach to evaluate rapidly the extractability of the metals studied.

Prevalence and factors associated with physical inactivity among the elderly: a population-based study / Prevalência e fatores associados à inatividade física em idosos: um estudo de base populacional

Abstract Objectives: To determine the prevalence of physical inactivity among elderly individuals in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais and identify associated factors. Method: A cross-sectional population-based study of 621 elderly persons was conducted in Viçosa, Minas Gerais. The dependent variable was physical inactivity, defined by the question "Do you practice some kind of physical activity?" The definition of the term "physical activity" was restricted to activities performed regularly, for at least 20 minutes, three times a week, disregarding domestic, industrial and transportation activities. The independent variables were age; gender; education; self-rated health; functional capacity; history of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and osteoporosis; overweight; risk of metabolic disorders; smoking; number of medical appointments; history of hospitalizations in the last year and private health insurance. Descriptive analysis and multiple Poisson regression were used. Results: The prevalence of physical inactivity was 70.1% (95% CI: 66.0%-74.0%). The associated factors were the male gender, aged over 80 years, less educated, low functional capacity, smokes and did not have private health insurance. Conclusion: The high prevalence of physical inactivity and its associated factors indicate the need to develop systematic approaches to improve public policies directed at this age group.

Resumo Objetivos: Determinar a prevalência de inatividade física entre idosos do município de Viçosa-MG e identificar seus fatores associados. Método: Estudo transversal de base populacional conduzido no município de Viçosa-MG com 621 idosos. Considerou-se como variável dependente a inatividade física, definida pela questão: "O(a) senhor(a) pratica alguma atividade física?" A prática de atividade física considerada restringiu-se àquela realizada regularmente, por pelo menos 20 minutos, três vezes por semana, desconsiderando-se as atividades domésticas, laborais e no deslocamento. As variáveis independentes foram: idade; sexo; escolaridade; autopercepção da saúde; capacidade funcional; história de diabetes, hipertensão, dislipidemias e osteoporose; excesso de peso; risco de alteração metabólica; tabagismo; número de consultas; história de internação hospitalar no último ano e possuir plano privado de saúde. Realizou-se análise descritiva e análise de regressão de Poisson múltipla. Resultados: A prevalência de inatividade física foi de 70,1% (IC 95%: 66,0%-74,0%). Os fatores associados foram sexo masculino, ter idade acima de 80 anos, menor escolaridade, capacidade funcional inadequada, fumar e não possuir plano de saúde privado. Conclusão: A alta prevalência de inatividade física e seus fatores associados indicam a necessidade de desenvolvimento de estratégias sistemáticas para aprimorar as políticas públicas direcionadas para esse grupo etário.

[The "Em Comum-Idade" community intervention project: contributions to the promotion of health among the elderly of Viçosa in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil]. / Projeto de intervenção comunitária "Em Comum-Idade": contribuições para a promoção da saúde entre idosos de Viçosa, MG, Brasil.

Actions to promote health among the elderly are extremely important for the prevention of diseases and complications arising from the aging process. In this context, the "Em Comum-Idade" community intervention project emerged. The objective of this article was to evaluate the impact of the actions of this project on anthropometric measurements and functional physical fitness of the participants at the end of the interventions. The variables analyzed were: body mass index, waist circumference, waist hip ratio, waist height ratio, power of the lower members, flexibility of upper and lower members and agility and dynamic balance. The sample consisted of 82 participants. Most participants were female, had not completed elementary school and attended less than 50% of the activities. There were no significant changes in the values of anthropometric measurements between the initial and final evaluations of the participants. Significant improvement was found for the values of tests of functional physical fitness among those who attended most of the actions of the project. It is important to maintain health promotion actions for long periods of time in order to get results that positively impact the health status and quality of life of the elderly.

Investigación narrativa: apuesta metodológica para la construcción social de conocimientos científicos / Narrative Research: Methodological challenge to the social construction of scientific knowledge

Este artículo de revisión de tema es producto de un proceso de investigación previo a la consolidación de una tesis doctoral. Presenta la investigación narrativa como una propuesta metodológica orientada desde los fundamentos epistemológicos de la hermenéutica, con el objetivo de plantear una ruta de construcción social de conocimientos científicos que surge de las propias voces de los participantes. Primero se encuentran algunos elementos de la fundamentación epistemológica que dan cuenta de reflexiones que configuran un enfoque particular asumido frente a los procesos de construcción social de conocimientos científicos. Luego se describe de manera general la ruta metodológica que dinamiza la construcción de datos y el análisis de los mismos. Finalmente, se reflexiona acerca de los retos y los alcances de la investigación narrativa que suponen la adopción de una postura ética y política diferencial.

This reflection article presents narrative inquiry as a methodological proposal aimed from the epistemological foundations of hermeneutics, with the goal to propose a way of social construction of scientific knowledge that emerges from the voices of the participants. First there are some elements of the epistemological foundation that state for reflections that form a particular approach taken towards the processes of social construction of scientific knowledge. Then, it is generally described the methodological way that streamlines the construction of data and the analysis thereof. Finally, it is reflected on the challenges and scope of narrative research involving the adoption of an ethical and differential political stance.

Projeto de intervenção comunitária "Em Comum-Idade": contribuições para a promoção da saúde entre idosos de Viçosa, MG, Brasil / The "Em Comum-Idade": community intervention project: contributions to the promotion of health among the elderly of Viçosa in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Resumo Ações de promoção da saúde na terceira idade são de extrema relevância para a prevenção de doenças e agravos decorrentes do processo de envelhecimento. Nesse contexto, surgiu o projeto de intervenção comunitária “Em Comum-Idade”. O objetivo deste artigo foi avaliar o impacto das ações deste projeto nas medidas antropométricas e na aptidão física funcional dos participantes, ao final da participação nas intervenções. As variáveis analisadas foram: Índice de Massa Corporal, Perímetro da Cintura, Relação Cintura/Quadril, Relação Cintura/Estatura, força de membros inferiores, flexibilidade de membros inferiores e superiores e agilidade e equilíbrio dinâmico. A amostra foi composta por 82 participantes. A maioria era do sexo feminino, não tinha o primeiro grau completo e frequentou menos de 50% das atividades. Não houve mudanças significantes para os valores de medidas antropométricas entre as avaliações inicial e final dos participantes. Foi encontrada melhora significante para os valores de testes de aptidão física funcional entre aqueles que mais participaram das ações do projeto. Ressalta-se a importância de se manter ações de promoção da saúde por longos períodos de tempo a fim de se obter resultados que impactem positivamente as condições de saúde e a qualidade de vida de idosos.

Abstract Actions to promote health among the elderly are extremely important for the prevention of diseases and complications arising from the aging process. In this context, the “Em Comum-Idade” community intervention project emerged. The objective of this article was to evaluate the impact of the actions of this project on anthropometric measurements and functional physical fitness of the participants at the end of the interventions. The variables analyzed were: body mass index, waist circumference, waist hip ratio, waist height ratio, power of the lower members, flexibility of upper and lower members and agility and dynamic balance. The sample consisted of 82 participants. Most participants were female, had not completed elementary school and attended less than 50% of the activities. There were no significant changes in the values of anthropometric measurements between the initial and final evaluations of the participants. Significant improvement was found for the values of tests of functional physical fitness among those who attended most of the actions of the project. It is important to maintain health promotion actions for long periods of time in order to get results that positively impact the health status and quality of life of the elderly.

Stability of toxic arsenic species and arsenosugars found in the dry alga Hijiki and its water extracts.

The achievement of reliable results in speciation analysis requires not only sensitive techniques but also sureness of species stability. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out stability studies because it is important to know with absolute certainty that there is not any species transformation during sample treatment and/or storage. Although several procedures have been recommended for the preservation of species integrity, there is no general agreement, as arsenic species stability depends on the sample matrix, the concentration level and the sample treatment procedure, so it is necessary to assess the arsenic species stability for each case. Thus, the present paper reports the stability tests of arsenic species carried out on the commercially available edible alga Hijiki (Hizikia fusiformis), from Japan, in both the dry sample and its water extracts, which were stored in amber glass and polystyrene containers at -18 and +4°C in the dark. Extractions were carried out with deionized water by microwave-assisted extraction, at a temperature of 90°C and three extraction steps of 5 min each, whereas arsenic speciation analysis was performed by anion exchange high performance liquid chromatography-photo-oxidation-hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The results obtained for the dry alga showed that the arsenic species present in it (arsenate (As(V)), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) and the arsenosugars glycerol (Gly-sug), phosphate (PO4-sug), sulfonate (SO3-sug) and sulfate (SO4-sug)) were stable for at least 12 months when the sample was stored in polystyrene containers at +20°C in the dark. Regarding water extracts, the best storage conditions consisted of the use of polystyrene containers and a temperature of +4°C, for a maximum storage time of seven days. Therefore, the immediate analysis of Hijiki water extracts would not be necessary, and they could be stored for one week before analysis, ensuring arsenic species stability. This information about species integrity in extracts is especially useful when the sample treatment for arsenic species extraction is time-consuming.

Levels of toxic arsenic species in native terrestrial plants from soils polluted by former mining activities.

Ten native terrestrial plants from soils polluted by former mining activities (Mónica mine, NW Madrid, Spain), with high total arsenic concentration levels (up to 3500 µg g(-1)), have been studied to determine the fraction of arsenic present as toxic forms (inorganic and methylated species), which present a higher mobility and therefore the potential risk associated with their reintegration into the environment is high. Roots and aboveground parts were analyzed separately to assess possible transformations from translocation processes. Extractions were carried out with deionized water by microwave-assisted extraction at a temperature of 90 °C and three extraction steps of 7.5 min each. Total extracted arsenic concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, showing extraction percentages from 9 to 39% (calculated as the ratio between total extracted arsenic (Asext) and total arsenic (AsT) concentrations in plants). Speciation studies, performed by high performance liquid chromatography-photo-oxidation-hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry, showed the main presence of arsenate (As(v)) (up to 350 µg g(-1)), followed by arsenite (As(iii)), in both plant parts. Monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO) were also found only in some plants. On the other hand, the use of 0.5 mol L(-1) acetic acid as an extractant led to higher extraction percentages (33-87%), but lower column recoveries, probably due to the extraction of arsenic compounds different to the toxic free ions studied, which may come from biotransformation mechanisms carried out by plants to reduce arsenic toxicity. However, As(v) concentrations increased up to 800 µg g(-1) in acid medium, indicating the probable release of As(v) from organoarsenic compounds and therefore a higher potential risk for the environment.

Semi-invasive aspergillosis in an immunocompetent patient with Swyer-James-MacLeod Syndrome: a case report.

INTRODUCTION: Invasive and semi-invasive pulmonary aspergillosis usually occurs in immunocompromised patients. It has been described occasionally in patients with normal immunity and previous lung disease such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Swyer-James-MacLeod Syndrome is a rare condition characterized by hyperlucency of one lung, lobe or part of a lobe due to decreased vascularity and air trapping. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of semi-invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a 38-year-old Portuguese, Caucasian man who is immunocompetent, with a pre-existing Swyer-James-McLeod Syndrome, a structural lung disease. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case in the literature on the relationship between these two diseases. Although rare, aspergillosis can occur in immunocompetent adults with a pre-existing lung disease other than chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder.

Impact of heated humidification with automatic positive airway pressure in obstructive sleep apnea therapy.

OBJECTIVE: To study the impact that heated humidification instituted in the beginning of automatic positive airway pressure (APAP) therapy has on compliance with and the side effects of the treatment. METHODS: Thirty-nine treatment-naïve patients with obstructive sleep apnea were randomized into two groups to receive APAP using one of two modalities: with heated humidification (APAPwith group); and without heated humidification (APAPw/o group).Patients were evaluated at 7 and 30 days after APAP initiation. The following parameters were analyzed: compliance with treatment (mean number of hours/night); side effects (dry nose or mouth, nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea); daytime sleepiness (Epworth sleepiness scale score) and subjective comfort (visual analog scale score). Patients were also evaluated in terms of residual apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), as well as mean pressures and leaks registered in the ventilators. RESULTS: There were no differences between the two groups in terms of mean age (APAPwith: 57.4 +/- 9.2; APAPw/o: 56.5 +/- 10.7 years), AHI (APAPwith: 28.1 +/- 14.0; APAPw/o: 28.8 +/- 20.5 events/hour of sleep), baseline Epworth score (APAPwith: 11.2 +/- 5.8; APAPw/o: 11.9 +/- 6.3) and initial nasal symptoms. Compliance was similar in both groups (APAPwith: 5.3 +/- 2.4; APAPw/o: 5.2 +/- 2.3 h/night). There were no differences in any of the other parameters analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of heated humidification at the beginning of APAP therapy provided no advantage in terms of treatment compliance or side effects of treatment.

Impacto da umidificação aquecida com pressão positiva automática em vias aéreas na terapia do síndroma de apneia obstrutiva do sono / Impact of heated humidification with automatic positive airway pressure in obstructive sleep apnea therapy

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto da umidificação aquecida introduzida no início da terapia com pressão positiva automática em vias aéreas (APAP, do inglês automatic positive airway pressure) na adesão e efeitos secundários. MÉTODOS: Foram randomizados 39 doentes com síndroma de apneia obstrutiva do sono sem terapia prévia em dois grupos de tratamento com APAP: com umidificação aquecida (grupo APAPcom; e sem umidificação (grupo APAPsem). Os doentes foram avaliados 7 e 30 dias após a colocação de APAP. Os parâmetros analisados foram a adesão ao tratamento (número médio de horas/noite), efeitos secundários (secura nasal ou da boca, obstrução nasal e rinorreia), sonolência diurna (escore da escala de sonolência de Epworth) e o conforto subjectivo (escala visual analógica). Foram ainda avaliados o índice de apneia-hipopneia (IAH) residual, pressões e fugas médias registados nos ventiladores. RESULTADOS: Os dois grupos de doentes estudados eram semelhantes no que respeita à média etária (APAPcom: 57,4 ± 9,2; APAPsem: 56,5 ± 10,7 anos), IAH (APAPcom: 28,1 ± 14,0; APAPsem: 28,8 ± 20,5 eventos/hora de sono), Epworth basal (APAPcom: 11,2 ± 5,8; APAPsem: 11,9 ± 6,3) e sintomas nasais iniciais. A adesão foi semelhante nos dois grupos (APAPcom: 5,3 ± 2,4; APAPsem: 5,2 ± 2,3 horas/noite). Não se verificaram diferenças nos outros parâmetros avaliados. CONCLUSÕES: A introdução inicial da umidificação aquecida na terapia com APAP não demonstrou vantagem no que diz respeito à adesão e efeitos secundários.

OBJECTIVE: To study the impact that heated humidification instituted in the beginning of automatic positive airway pressure (APAP) therapy has on compliance with and the side effects of the treatment. METHODS: Thirty-nine treatment-naïve patients with obstructive sleep apnea were randomized into two groups to receive APAP using one of two modalities: with heated humidification (APAPwith group); and without heated humidification (APAPw/o group).Patients were evaluated at 7 and 30 days after APAP initiation. The following parameters were analyzed: compliance with treatment (mean number of hours/night); side effects (dry nose or mouth, nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea); daytime sleepiness (Epworth sleepiness scale score) and subjective comfort (visual analog scale score). Patients were also evaluated in terms of residual apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), as well as mean pressures and leaks registered in the ventilators. RESULTS: There were no differences between the two groups in terms of mean age (APAPwith: 57.4 ± 9.2; APAPw/o: 56.5 ± 10.7 years), AHI (APAPwith: 28.1 ± 14.0; APAPw/o: 28.8 ± 20.5 events/hour of sleep), baseline Epworth score (APAPwith: 11.2 ± 5.8; APAPw/o: 11.9 ± 6.3) and initial nasal symptoms. Compliance was similar in both groups (APAPwith: 5.3 ± 2.4; APAPw/o: 5.2 ± 2.3 h/night). There were no differences in any of the other parameters analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of heated humidification at the beginning of APAP therapy provided no advantage in terms of treatment compliance or side effects of treatment.

Sentidos de ciudadanía en un grupo de jóvenes escolarizados de la ciudad de Manizales, Colombia / Sentidos de cidadania em um grupo de jovens escolarizados da cidade de Manizales, Colombia / Meanings of citizenship in a group of high school students from Manizales, Colombia

El presente artículo se deriva de una investigación realizada con 29 jóvenes escolarizados de la ciudad de Manizales, Colombia, en la cual se indagó por los sentidos y significados de la ciudadanía. Para la recolección de información se utilizó el taller pedagógico, en tanto permitió combinar diversas técnicas e instrumentos tales como la entrevista semiestructurada, la entrevista a profundidad y la discusión. El estudio concluye que las y los jóvenes significan y comprenden la ciudadanía desde cuatro referentes: el lugar del sujeto en la sociedad y la cultura, el sentido del derecho y la ley en la organización y la convivencia, las percepciones del actuar moral y político de los líderes y de los políticos, y las percepciones y consumos de ciudad que hacen los ciudadanos. Se concluye que las y los jóvenes sitúan la ciudadanía desde un referente de la acción, manifestado fundamentalmente en la participación, el enjuiciamiento político y la posibilidad de ser representados por otros. Igualmente, se plantea que las y los jóvenes orientan la ciudadanía desde los principios y marcos de significación cultural de ciudad, expresados en los vínculos y compromisos que adquieren los ciudadanos con su ciudad y viceversa. Finalmente, se afirma que se trata de una ciudadanía significada en el respeto, la libertad, la justicia social y el reconocimiento del potencial humano universal.

O presente artigo deriva-se de uma pesquisa realizada com 29 jovens escolarizados da cidade de Manizales, na qual se indagou pelos sentidos e significados da cidadania. Para a coleta de informação foi utilizada uma oficina pedagógica, por quanto permitiu combinar diversas técnicas e instrumentos tais como a entrevista semi-estruturada, a entrevista em profundidade e a discussão. O estudo conclui que os jovens significam e compreendem a cidadania desde quatro referentes: o lugar do sujeito na sociedade e a cultura, o sentido do direito e a lei na organização e a convivência, percepções a respeito do acionar moral e político dos líderes e dos políticos e as percepções e consumos da cidade que fazem os cidadãos. Conclui-se que os jovens situam a cidadania desde o referente da ação, o qual se manifesta, fundamentalmente, na participação, o juízo político e a possibilidade de ser representado por outros. Igualmente, se planteia que os jovens orientam a cidadania desde os princípios e marcos de significação cultural da cidade, expressados nos vínculos e compromissos que adquirem os cidadãos com a sua cidade, e vice-versa. Finalmente, se afirma que se trata de uma cidadania significada no respeito, a liberdade, a justiça social e o reconhecimento do potencial humano universal.

This paper gives an account of a research project that inquired for the meanings of citizenship in a group of 29 high-school students in Manizales (Colombia). The technique of pedagogical workshops wasused to obtain information, because it has advantages such as combining semi-structured interviews, in-depth interviews and group discussions. Conclusions indicate that this group of high school boys and girls understand citizenship as referred to four main ideas: the position occupied by the subject in society and culture, the sense of law in the organization of society, the perceptions of the moral and political behavior of leaders and politicians, and the perceptions of the meaning of the city and their relationship to it. It was concluded that this group of boys and girls refers citizenship to action expressed in participation, judgments on the political reality, and the possibility of being represented by others. It is also argued that these students see citizenship within the principles and frameworks of the cultural meaning of the city, expressed in the duties of citizens towards the city, and viceversa. Finally, it si concluded that this group’s understanding of citizenship is related to ideas of respect, freedom, social justice and recognition of human potential.

Relación entre neoplasia intra epitelial cervical y virus del papiloma humano en pacientes evaludas en consulta externa de onco-ginecología HEODRA: octubre-diciembre 1998

El presente estudio pretende determinar la relación entre neoplasma intraepiteleal cervical y algunos factores de riesgo en particular el Virus del Papiloma Humano. Se describen las características de los pacientes involucrados en el estudio. Se identifican alteraciones cito-histopatológicas y col poscópicas de los pacientes de Neoplasia Intraepitelial Cervical ante los diferentes factores de riesgo. Se identifica la presencia de factores de riesgo presentes en los grupos del estudio...